import java.awt.*;               // ScrollPane, PopupMenu, MenuShortcut, etc.
import java.awt.image.*;         
import java.awt.datatransfer.*;  // Clipboard, Transferable, DataFlavor, etc.
import java.awt.event.*;         // New event model.
import java.io.*;                // Object serialization streams.
import java.util.*;              // For StingTokenizer.
import java.util.zip.*;          // Data compression/decompression streams.
import java.util.Vector;         // To store the scribble in.
import java.util.Properties;     // To store printing preferences in.
import java.lang.*;              // 
import java.net.URL;
import java.sql.*;

public class Stat {

  public static double pnorm( double q ) {

    double up=0.9999999;
    double lp=0.0000001;
    while( Math.abs( up - lp ) > 0.0001 )
      if( qnorm( (up+lp)/2 ) <= q )
	lp = (up+lp)/2;
      else
	up = (up+lp)/2;
    return up;
  }

  public static double qnorm( double p ) {

    double a0 = 2.515517;
    double a1 = 0.802853;
    double a2 = 0.010328;
    
    double b1 = 1.432788;
    double b2 = 0.189269;
    double b3 = 0.001308;

    double  t = Math.pow(-2*Math.log(1-p), 0.5);

    return t - (a0 + a1*t + a2*t*t) / (1 + b1*t + b2*t*t + b3*t*t*t);
  }

  public static double qt( double p, int df ) {

    double c1 = 92160 * df * df * df * df + 23040 * df * df * df + 2880 * df * df - 3600 * df - 945;
    double c3 = 23040 * df * df * df      + 15360 * df * df      + 4080 * df      - 1920;
    double c5 =  4800 * df * df           +  4560 * df           + 1482;
    double c7 =   720 * df                +   776;
    double c9 =    79;

    double  u = 1;

    return 1.0;
  }

  public static double dchisq( double q, int df ) {

    if( q > 0 ) {
      return 1 / (Math.pow(2, (double)df/2) * Gamma((double)df/2)) * Math.pow(q, (double)df/2 - 1) * Math.pow(Math.E, -q/2);
    }
    else
      return 0;
  }

  public static double pchisq( double q, int df ) {

    double up=0.9999999;
    double lp=0.0000001;
    while( Math.abs( up - lp ) > 0.0001 )
      if( qchisq( (up+lp)/2, df ) <= q )
	lp = (up+lp)/2;
      else
	up = (up+lp)/2;
    return up;
  }

  public static double qchisq( double p, int df ) {

    return df * Math.pow( 1 - 2/(9*(double)df) + qnorm(p)*Math.pow(2/(9*(double)df), 0.5), 3);
  }

  public static double Gamma( double p ) {

    if( p == 1.0 )
      return 1;
    else if( p == 0.5 )
      return Math.pow(Math.PI, 0.5);
    else
      return (p-1) * Gamma( p-1 );
  }

    public static double round( double x, int n ) {
        return (double)Math.round(x*Math.pow(10,n))/Math.pow(10,n);
    }

    public static String roundToString( double x, int n ) {
        String tmp;
        tmp = ""+Stat.round(x, n);
        if( tmp.endsWith(".0") )
            return tmp.substring(0, tmp.length() - 2);
        else
            return tmp;
    }

    public static String roundToSpaceString( double x, int n ) {
        String tmp;
        tmp = Stat.roundToString(x, n);
        int head = tmp.indexOf('.');
        if( head == -1 )
            head = tmp.length();
        return ("          "+tmp).substring(head, tmp.length()+10);
    }
}